ABSTRACT
@#AIM:To investigate the changes of microvascular diameter in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR)at different stages.<p>METHODS: Prospective case-control study. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with diabetic retinopathy(DR)who were hospitalized in the Endocrine Department of our hospital from September 2020 to March 2021 were selected and divided into diabetic non-retinopathy group(50 cases and 50 eyes), DR stage Ⅰ group(50 cases and 50 eyes), DR stage Ⅱ group(50 cases and 50 eyes), DR stage Ⅲ group(50 cases and 50 eyes)according to the “Clinical Diabetic Retinopathy Disease Severity Scale” formulated by the Chinese Medical Association in 1985. In addition, 50 cases and 50 eyes of a control group with normal physical examination were selected, totally 250 cases and 250 eyes. The fundus color photos were taken and entered into the ARIA1.0 automatic analysis software to record the diameters of arterio-venous and capillary vessels in different ranges, with 4 segments in each range and 200 segments in each group for statistical analysis.<p>RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the diameter of retinal artery between different stages of NPDR(<i>P</i>>0.05), and there was significant difference in the diameter of retinal vein and diameter of perimacular capillary amorg different stages of NPDR(<i>P</i><0.05). The multiple comparison of retinal vein diameter and perimacular capillary diameter in different groups was statistically significant(<i>P</i><0.01). The average score of retinal vein diameter in the range of 0-0.5PD was “stage Ⅲ course > stage Ⅱ course>stage Ⅰ course>normal group>control group”. The average score of retinal vein diameter group in the range of 0.5-1.0PD(including 0.5)was “stage Ⅲ course > stage Ⅱ course > stage Ⅰ course > normal group > control group”, the average score of perimacular capillary diameter group was “stage Ⅲ course > stage Ⅰ course > control group; Stage Ⅲ course > normal group; Stage Ⅱ course > stage Ⅰ course > control group; Stage Ⅱ course > normal group; The diseased normal group > the control group”, while there was no significant difference between the stage Ⅲ course and the stage Ⅱ course, the stage Ⅰ course and the diseased normal group(<i>P</i>>0.05).<p>CONCLUSION: Retinal artery diameter has no obvious change in NPDR stages. The retinal vein and perimacular capillary in diabetic patients are dilated. In different stages of NPDR, the diameter of the vein and perimacular capillary is gradually widened.
ABSTRACT
Objective::To investigate the regulatory effect of Danggui Shaoyaosan (DSS)-containing serum on oxidative stress and inflammation in H2O2-induced SH-SY5Y cells. Method::Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT) assay was used to determine the cell activity and construct the H2O2-induced cell damage model with the optimal time and dose. Normal group, model group and high, medium and low-dose DSS groups(2.5%, 5%, 10%) were set up. MTT method was used to detect cell activity, spectrophotometry anti-oxidation indexes of malonaldehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH). Real-time quantitative PCR (Real-time PCR) was used to detect tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA expressions. And immunofluorescence test was adopted to detect nuclear transcription factor-κB(NF-κB) p65 nuclear translocation of the DSS after the intervention. Result::After 24 h intervention with 250 μmol·L-1 H2O2, SH-SY5Y cell viability was about 55%, which was the best modeling condition. After high, medium and low-dose DSS intervention on H2O2-damaged cell model, compared with the model group, the cell activity showed a dose-dependent increase (P<0.05), MDA was significantly reduced (P<0.05), and antioxidant indexes CAT, SOD and GSH were significantly increased (P<0.05). H2O2 could significantly increase SH-SY5Y cell inflammatory factor TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β mRNA expressions, and promote activation of cytoplasmic NF-κB and nuclear translocation. DSS-containing serum showed a dose-dependent inhibition of NF-κB p65 from nuclear, and reduced inflammatory factor levels, such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β. Conclusion::DSS-containing serum can significantly reduce the oxidative damage in H2O2-induced SH-SY5Y cells by improving their antioxidant status, and reduce the inflammatory response by inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway.
ABSTRACT
Objective: In order to improve the content of terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs), orca3/g10h genes were introduced to the hairy roots in Catharanthus roseus. Methods: Bivalent expression vector CAMBIA1304+ +orca3 + g10h was constructed and introduced into Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain and transformed into C. roseus to obtain transgenic hairy roots. RT-qPCR was used to study the transcriptional differences of relative genes referred to the biosynthesis pathway of TIAs. Then HPLC was used to study TIAs content in the transgenic hairy roots of C. roseus, including vinblastine, vincristine, and ajmalicine. Results: The transcriptional level of genes that linked to biosynthesis of TIAs in the transgenic hairy roots of C. roseus, asα, ggpps, g10h, str, tdc, cpr, sgd, and dat, were all expressed higher than those of the nontransgenic roots. HPLC results showed that modified hairy root of C. roseus owned more total TIAs production, 58.23 mg/g, the number was larger than that of common roots in C. roseus as many as 27.5 times. On the other hand, the average content of vinblastine and vincristine was also more than the common roots in C. roseus. Among them, vinblastine content was the most. The number of production got 51.30 mg/g, which was as many as 197.3 times of the common root of C. roseus. Conclusion: Orca3/g10h double-gene transgenic hairy root of C. roseus can increase TIAs content efficiently.